Carotenoids: Natural Pigments with Health Benefits

Carotenoids are a type of naturally occurring pigments which are synthesized by plants, algae and photosynthetic microorganisms. They are responsible for vibrant colors of fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids such as β-carotene, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin are not only significant to plant physiology but also attribute many health benefits to human beings. Humans body cannot synthesize carotenoids, so they are taken through diet. Carotenoids have drawn considerable interest from scientists due to their health promoting activities. They serve as potent antioxidants as they neutralize the free radicals and shield cells against oxidative damage. These biological abilities of carotenoids are associated with decreased chances of long-term aliments including heart problems and eye diseases. Moreover, carotenoids help to boost the immune system and maintain healthy eyes by inhibiting the damaging blue light, as well as protecting the retinal structure. Therefore, this chapter holds the intention to summarize the existing state of knowledge about carotenoids, their types, their food sources, and their effect on health.