Antimicrobial Resistance in Pathogens: Challenges and Strategic Response

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has compromised decades of advancements in the management of infectious diseases and now it is a significant challenge to global health in the 21^st century. AMR occurred after bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi became resistant to treatments of antimicrobials in humans as well as animals, allowing the survival of microorganisms in the host. This phenomenon is caused by a variety of genetic mechanisms and pharmacological strategies, including as efflux pump activation, drug target change, and enzymatic drug inactivation.  Important resistant infections of concern include carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The primary cause of the current issue and a contributing factor to the worldwide consequences of antimicrobial resistance is still the abuse and misuse of antibiotics, particularly their inappropriate usage. As a result, antibiotic use and consumption are continuously tracked globally. The history and subsequent development of antibiotic confrontation have studied in this chapter. It discovers the methods that bacteria use for developing resistance, highlighting the serious consequences of medication resistance, such as worse care of patients, greater rates of death, and increasing expenses. Some of the strategies developed to tackle AMR include National and Global Action Plans, AMS programs, enhanced surveillance systems, rapid diagnostics, and the development of novel vaccines, antimicrobials, and alternative medicines.  This report outlines the strategic actions necessary to preserve global health and emphasizes the main obstacles to combating AMR. This provides useful information on the complex field of antibiotic development, regulatory barriers, and teamwork required to ensure antibiotics continue to be efficient in the future.